B.Pharmacy 2009 External Exams Question Papers

JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACOLOGY-I

PHARMACOLOGY-I

1.Describe in detail about the following:

a> G-Protein coupled receptors

b> Receptors with intrinsic ion channel

2.a> Describe the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning

b> Write the pharmacology of neostigmine

3. Write the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses and adverse effects of 

a> Local anesthetics

b>Neuromuscular blockers

4. Write a short note on:

a> Disulfiram

b> Thiopental sodium

c> List of drugs used in preanesthetic medication 

5. Write a short note on:

a> Baclofen

b> Chloradiazepoxide

c> Buspirone 

d> Methohexitone

6. Classify antianxiety drugs.Describe the mechanism of action of drugs used in anxiety

7. Write a short note on :

a> Carbidopa

b> Bromocriptine

c> Selegeline

d> Amantidine

8. Write a short note on :

a> CNS stimulants

b> Symptoms and treatment of Morphine poisoining.

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JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Explain about various sources of impurities, quality control in pharmaceutical substances.

2. Write the method of preparation, assay and uses of Sodium Acetate ,Dibasic calcium phosphate.

3. Write the method of preparation, assay ,tests of purity and uses of Dried Aluminium Hydroxide gel and Aluminium Hydroxide gel.

4. (a) What are the sources of impurities in Pharmaceuticals?

(b). Describe in detail the limit tests for iron and write the chemical rections.

5. Write an essay on expectorants and its role in pharmaceutical applications.

6. How do you prepare Boric acid from Borax? What is the principle involved in the assay of Boric

acid its applications .

7. Give any two examples of Oral antiseptics and Astringents with detailed assay principle and its uses.

8. Explain about the Orthopedic cast and limitations for plaster cast. 

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JNTU ,HYDERABAD, I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

1.(A) Write in detail the disorders related to lower limb.

(b) Classify joints and discuss the different types of movements at joints.

2. Explain :

(a) Blood Volume.

(b) PCV.

3.(a) Draw a neat structure of heart and label it.

(b) Write a note on ECG of the heart.

4. What are the enzymes responsible for the digestion of dietary proteins and write its absorption.

5. (a) Write the functions of respiratory passage ways.

(b) Discuss the anatomy and physiology of trachea.

6. Write an essay about the association area of the brain with neat labeled sketch.

7. What is the functional unit of the kidney with the help of the diagram and explain its working ?

8.(a) What is glucagons ? Write its role and significance in the metabolism.

(b) Discuss about thymus gland. 

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JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACOGNOSY-II

1. a> What are aloes? write about different varieties of aloes with their description

and identification tests.

b> Give powdered characteristics of digitalis with neat labeled diagram.

2. Write detailed pharmacognostic study of any two indole alkaloids.

3. a> What are tannins? Give their properties and classification with suitable

examples of natural drugs.

b> Give biological source, active constituents and uses of

i> Myrobalan

ii> Black catechu

4. Discuss the detailed pharmacognostic study of any two resins showing expectorant

activity

5. a> Write about source, properties and uses of amylase and panceratin.

b> Write notes on any two proteolytic enzymes.

6. a> What are secondary metabolites? explain with an example.

b> Give three examples of alkaloids derived from lysin with their

chemicalstructure

c> Write about the production of amino acids from shikimic acid pathway.

7. a> Name natural colorants of pharmaceutical intrests and explain about any two of

them.

b> Write notes on turmeric, tyriian purple and Red beet root.

8. Define the term excipient.Describe the pharmaceutical excipients from mineral

origin.

What is difference between light kaolin and heavy kaolin.

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JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. Write notes on:

a> Whittaker's five kingdom concept.

b> Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology

2. Discuss

a> Plasmolysis and plasmoptosis

b> Protoplast and Spheroplast

3. Write a note on quantitative measurement of bacterial growth based on

a> Cell number

b> Cell mass

4. What is the effect of following on microbial growth

a> Vibration

b> Mechanical impact

c> Osmotic pressure

d> Extreme cold

5. Define the terms : Sterilization

Disinfection

Antiseptic

Sanitize.

write the factors influencing Antimicrobial activity.

6. Write notes on :

a> physical mutagens.

b> Isolation of Mutants

c> Inhibitors of Protein synthesis

d>Enzymes in DNA replication

7. Give immunization methods and control of following disease.

a> Diphteria

b> Tetanus

c> Hepatitis

d> Food poisoning

8. a> What is the principle of dise plate technique and how is it performed.

b> What are the advantages and limitations of disc plate technique over tube

dilution method?

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JNTU III B PHARMACY I SEMESTER,NOV 09 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

1. a> Sketch the salient structural features of a cell membrane.

b> Explain about molecular constituents of membrane.

2. a> Explain the mechanism of Oxidative phosphorylation.

b> Mention the inhibitors of Oxidative phosphorylation and ETC.

3. a> Write an account of the importance of serum enzyme in the diagnosis of disease.

b> Write note on holo enzymes and role of metals in enzyme action.

4. a> Name the various members of the B- complex family.

b> what are the major functions of minerals in the body.

c> Explain about Chargaff's rule.

5. a> Describe the Kreb's cycle.Add notes on its energetics.

b> Explain Glyoxalate cycle.

6. a> write note metabolic disorders of urea cycle.

b> How ammonia is removed from the body.

7. a> What do you mean by the term beta-oxidation of fatty acids.

Give the reactions involved in B-oxidation.

b> Write note on Ketonuria and Ketoacidosis.

8. Discuss about Mechanism of action and biomedical applications of postaglandins.

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JNTU HYDERABAD IV - B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.

I. a) Define the term immunity? - Write in detail about the types of immunities.

b) How toxins can be converted to Toxoids?

2. What is hybridoma technology? How it is useful for the generation of

humanized monoclonal antibodies.

3. Describe the technology and production of activase.

4. Write about the Isolation, improvement and maintenance of microbial strains.

5. Write a note on:

a) Factors influencing rate of mutations

b) Solid state fermentation.

6. What is Immobilization? Write the methods of Enzyme Immobilization add a

note on kinetics of Immobilized Enzymes.

7. Give the pharmaceutical applications of the following Enzymes.

a) Streptokiflase and streptodomase.

b) Proteases.

C) Hyaluroflidase

d) Penicillina5

8.a) Describe the pharmaceutical applications of human thrombin.

How is it prepared?

b) Explain the pharmaceutical applications of dried human serum. How is it

prepared? 

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JNTU HYDERABAD IV - B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 BIO-PHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS

Answer any FIVE questions.

All questions carry equal marks.

1. a)What are the different pharmacokinetic parameters to be considered in

designing a dosage regimen?

b) Define and explain such pharmacokinetic parameters.

2.a) What is dissolution? Explain various theories of dissolution

b) Discuss the parameters that influence rate of dissolution of drug.

3. Explain the structure and mode of penetration of drug through following

barriers.

i) Simple capillary endothelial barrier

ii) Cell membrane barrier

iii) Blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier

iv) Placental barrier.

4.a) What type of changes are observed normally in body constituents in several

Physiological and pathologic conditions? How do they affect drug binding?

Explain.

b) What are the different factors related to protein and other binding

components that influence protein drug binding? Explain.

5. a) How do you determine Ka by method of residuals?

b) What are the applications and limitations of method of residuals?

c) The above method works best when difference between Ka and KE is large

Explain.

6. a) What do you mean by inter subject variability? What are the causes of inter

subject variability? Explain?

b) How do you adjust the dose based on total body clearance and elimuafion

rate constant and

7. a) How do you determine the bio availability of a drug product Using plasma

data.

b) What do you understand by the term absolute and relative bioavailability.

c) What is bioavailable fraction? How do you express?

8. a) Hosi do you correlate invitro drug dissolution with in bio availability?

b) Describe about dissolution rate test apparatus and its significance 

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JNTU HYDERABAD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION

1. a) What is Decision making? Write about the characteristics of Decision

Making and explain the steps in Decision making.

b) Brief note on Merits and Demerits of Formal and Informal Communication.

2. Discuss the most frequency encountering operating problems in

pharmaceutical production?

3. a) Write about workman safety and safety programme.

b) Write short notes on accidents in Pharmaceutical Industries and its preventive

measures.

4. Define distribution. Write about channels of distribution and explain in detail

about factors affecting channels of distribution

5.a) Give a detailed note on overview of Indian pharmaceutical Industry.

b) Achievements of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry.

6. a) Describe the export policy of life saving drugs.

b) Write a short note on insurance.

7. Short Notes on the following Pharmaceutical Associations.

a) Pharmaexil

b) OPPI

c) IDMA

d) IPGA

8. a) What is Drug store? Explain about methods of classification of various

items in drug store.

b) Write about Drug store management. How the drugs are arranged in drug

store? 

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JNTU HYDERABAD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II

1 .a) What is meant by receptor? List the different types of receptors and

explain their biological role.

b)Explain the bio-sigmficance of ionization of molecules with respect its

bioactivity.

2. a) Write the types of biotransformation.

b) Delne the terms: ‘enzyme induction’ and ‘enzyme inhibition’.

c) List the enzymes involved in the drug inhibition highlighting their

significance.

3. a) Give a note on MAO inhibitors.

b) Outline the synthesis, MOA and therapeutic uses of doxepine and sertraline.

4. Outline the synthesis, MOA, SAR and uses of following

a) Ketamine.

b) Halothane.

5. a) Outline the biosynthesis, storage and release of catecholamimes.

b) Give the synthetic protocol and mechanism of following:

i) Salbutamol.

ii) Amphetamine.

6. a) Give a comprehensive account on clinical importance of cholinomimetjcs.

b) Explain the bio-signiflcance of neurochemical transmission.

7.a) Describe the SAR of a1 antagonists.

b) Describe the SAR of quinazoline /3 antagonists.

8.a) Muscarinic antagonists are contraindicated in patients with glaucoma.

Explain.

b) Give the synthesis, mode of action and uses of anticholinergic drug

containing tricyclic ring system. 

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JNTU HYDERABAD IV. B.Pharmacy I Semester Supplementary Examinations May 2009 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS

1. Explain the role of Biopharmaceutics in formulation development and

in drug therapy. [16]

2. Describe the stiucture and physiology of cell membrane. Describe

about pre systemic metabolism or first pass effect. [16]

3. a. What is the mechanism of distribution of drug

b. What are the various factors effecting drug distribution. [8+8]

4.a. When is drug binding irreversible

b. What is the therapeutic implication in such irreversible binding. (8+8)

5. Give an account on:

a. First order Absorption rate constant.

b. Biological half-life. [8+8]

6. Enumerate the various Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions and its significance

in Combination Therapy with suitable examples. (16)

7. a. What are the objective of Bioavailability studies.

b. Explain with significance the parameters used in Bioavailability

determination by plasma level studies. (6+10]

8. a. Enumerate the Bioavailability and Bioequivalence.

b. Evaluate testing protocols with suitable examples. [16] 

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JNTU HYD IV B. Pharmacy I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2009 PHARMACOLOGY-llI

1. Write short notes on:

a) Digestants b) Mucolytics c) Anti Secretary agents d) Protectives.

2. Give an account of Cephalosporins:

a) First generation. b) Second generation. c) Third generation. d) Fourth

generation. (4+4+4+4)

3. Write notes on: a) Kanamycin. b) Gentamycin. c) Neomycin. (5+5+6)

4. Write short notes on: a)Clofazimine. b) Suiphones. c) Dapsone. [5+5+6]

5. Write the pharmacology and adverse reaction of

a) Idoxuridine b) Adenosine arabinoside. c) Acyclovir d) Granciclovir.

[4+4+4+4]

6. Add a note on antimalignant antibiotics? Write notes on Vmca

alkaloids. [16]

7. Write note on the following immunosupprents

a) Tacrolimus b) Thalidomide

c) muramanab-CD3 d) Mycophenolatemofetil. (4+4+4+4)

8. Write the pharmacology and adverse reaction of systemically acting

antifungal agents? [16] 

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JNTU HYD IV.B. Pharmacy I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2009 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

1. Give an account on the following:

a) Factors affecting bioactivity

b) Computer aided Drug Design.

c) QSAR. (5+5+6)

2. a) How the drug action is stimulated by the enzymes?

b) What is the role of conjugated reactions in the drug metabolism? [8+8]

3. a) Write about the structure activity relationship of barbiturates. How

Phenobarbital is synthesized?

b) Give the synthesis and uses for carbazepine and imipramine. [8+8]

4. a) Give the synthesis and uses of Benzocaine and Lidocaine

b) Give the synthesis and uses of Halothane and Ketaminc. [8+8]

5. Give the structure, chemical name, uses and describe the synthesis of any one

compound/drug.

a)Amphetamifle. b) Salbutamol. c) Dopamine. [16]

6. Discuss the following, categorized in synthetic cholinergic blocking agents:

a) Aminoalcohol esters b) Aminoalcohol ethers

c) Aminoalcohols d) Aminoamides. [4+4+4+4]

7. Discuss the SAR, MOA and uses of the following drugs:

a) Atenolol b) Labetelol. [8±8]

8. Name an anticholinergic drug, which finds its application as an adjunct in

treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, Discuss the chemistry of the drug

chosen. [16] 

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JNTU HYD IV B. Pharmacy I SEMESTER SUPPLY MAY 20009 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

1. Define and classify immunity. Describe the different immunological

reactions? [16]

2. What are monoclonal antibodies 7 Describe the method by which they are

produced. Give their applications? (16)

3. (a) How do you optimize fermentation parametes?

(b) How do you produce low volume and high value products employing r-

DNA technology? [8+8]

4 Write notes on

(a) Bioproducts and Bioprocess

(b) Solid state fermentation

(c) Aerobic fermentation

(d) Primary and Secondary metabolism

.

5. Describe in detail about chemically induced mutation with suitable examples.

6. (a) What is glowing culture process? Explain the salient features of growing,

culture process.

(b) Write notes on resting cells and immobilized cells. (10+6)

7. How do you Classify proteases? Give a detail account of any three important

categories. (16)

8. (a) Write the preparation and uses of concentrated human red blood

corpuscles.

(b) What is dread human plasma? Write the advantages of dried human plasma

over whole blood. [8-8] 

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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY , HYDERABAD III-B.Pharmacy I Semester Regular Examinations , November 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY – I

1. Discuss in detail the role of following in designing of dosage forms:

(a) Polymerisation

(b) Solubility

2. (a) Write a note on different preservatives used in liquid dosage forms.

(b) Write about different methods of preparation of emulsions.

3. (a) Define gel ? Write about manufacture of clear gels.

(b) Mention about the ideal characteristics of an ointement base? Write about the advantages of

water miscible bases over hydrocarbon bases.

4. Define aerosols. Write about the advantages and manufacturing procedures of areosols.

5. Write about the following :

(a) Isotonicity of ophthalmic preparations.

(b) Containers of ophthalmic products.

(c) Preservatives for ophthalmic formulations.

6. (a) Write a brief note on different surfactants used in manufacture of shampoos.

(b) Write about the manufacturing procedures for cleansing creams.

7. (a) Discuss about various steps involved in the manufacture of lipsticks.

(b) Write about various plasticizers and solvents used in the formulation of nail polish.

8. Write about the following :

(a) packing and storage of suppositories.

(b) Calibration of suppository mold.

(c) Compression method for preparation of suppositories. 

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JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 PHYSICAL PHARMACY.

1. (a) Discuss the applications of the phase rule.

(b) Explain in detail about Triple Point.[8+8]

2. (a) What is Joule-Thomson effect ? Write its experiment.

(b) Write comparison between Isothermal and Adiabatic expansions.[8+8]

3. (a) Elaborate on Refractive Index and Molar Refraction.

(b) Define Polarity and explain working of Polarimeter.[8+8]

4. (a) Explain in detail Depression of Freezing Point.

(b) Write in detail its significance and one method to determine the depression of freezing point.[8+8]

5. Explain modern theories of strong electrolytes.[16]

6.(a) Elaborate on acidity constants.

(b) Write its significant in detail.[6+10]

7. (a) Define Buffer. Explain in detail Buffer Capacity.

(b) Write applications of Buffer.[8+8]

8.(a) How do measure the emf of cells?

(b) What is Nernst equation ? Derive and explain.

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JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1.(a) Write short notes on inductive effects of organic molecules and its applications.

(b) Write short notes on Molecular structure elucidation with examples.

2. Give a detailed account of mechanism and stereochemistry of E1 and E2 reactions with particular reference to aliphatic and alicyclic compounds.

3.(a) Write a short notes on the general method of derivatizing benzene.

(b) Outline the various types of Arene reactions with examples.

4. What is SN2 reaction? Discuss the mechanism of SN2 reaction with the help of one suitable example ? Give proof for the mechanism.

5. (a)Define and classify alcohols with suitable examples.

(b) What is nucleophile? Explain the mechanism of nucleophile substitution with suitable examples.

6. Explain in detail the following reactions with atleast four examples for each

a) Addition reactions. b) Condensation reactions of the carbonyl group.

7. (a) Discuss the fate and stability of carbonium ions with examples.

(b) Explain the mechanism of Hoffmann’s degradation reaction.

8. How will you prepare the following:

a)Methyl amine from ethylamine.

b) Ethyl isocyanide from ethylamine.

c) Secondary amine from Primary amine. 

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JNTU ,HYDERABAD,I-B.PHARMACY REGULAR EXAMINATION ,JUNE 2009 REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

1.(a) Explain in detail about cell organelles.

(b) Explain the structure and functions of plasma membrane and cell wall.

2. Describe the method of somatic cell division mention the significance of such cell division ?

3. Explain in detail about underground stem modification with suitable examples?

4.(a) Describe the internal structures of monocot root?

(b) Write the differences between monocot root and dicot root.

5. Describe the process of locomotion in Amoeba and add a note on the nutrition in Amoeba?

6. Compare the structure of a flat worm and a round worm. Draw diagrams of the same. And discuss in detail the life cycle of a round worm studied by you.

7. With the help of a neat labeled diagram describe the life cycle of silk worm. Add a note on the economic importance of the insect .

8. With the help of a neat labeled diagram describe the life history of mosquito .Add a note on the habit and habitat of mosquitoes. 

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B.Pharmacy 2009 External Exams Question Papers

II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 PHARMACOGNOSY-I

1.Define Pharmacognosy? Explain the scope of Pharmacognosy?

2. Write in detail about drugs derived from mineral sources?

3. Give the advantages and disadvantages of alphabetical classification of drugs?

4. Why scientific methods of cultivation give better yield & quality. Explains?

5. Write in detail about the preservation and storage of crude drugs.

6. Explain the identification tests and therapeutic uses of

(a) Honey

(b) Guar gum

(c) Pectin

(d) Starch

7. (a) Explain the biological source, identification tests and chemical constituents

of cod liver oil?

(b) Write the method of preparation of cod liver oil?

8. (a) Define volatile oils? Write the classification of volatile oils?

(b) Explain the general identification tests of volatile oils? 

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II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

1.Explain in detail the concept of Ecomark.

2(a) Discuss the environmental impacts of ground water usage. (b) “ Water is a precious natural resource.” Discuss.

3. Write short notes on : (a) Value system and equitable resource use for sustainable life style. (b) Role of the individual in prevention of pollution.

4.What do you mean by Bio- Geo chemical cycles? Discuss in detail any on type of cycle.

5. What are responsibilities of man in eco planning and conservation.

6.Why is coal based electricity is used in the world?

7.Explain how the nuclear fuel is processed and the inherent dangers of nuclear energy?

8.What is the Importance of forest resources in ecological balance. 

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II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS –I

1.(a) What are different types of errors. Give detail methods to reduce systematic

errors.

(b) What is meant by calibration, why the analytical equipments, calibrated and

how graduated flasks are calibrated.

2.(a) Write theory involved in Redox titrations

(b) Explain alkali metric titration’s with examples.

3.(a) Discuss the theory involved in complex metric titrations. Give examples.

(b) What are the advantages of non-aqueous titrations and give a note on

solvents used and pharm applications.

4.(a) Write the principle involved in Conductometric titrations of strong acid and

base.

(b) What are potentiometric titrations. Explain determination of end point and

Pharmaceutical applications of potentiometric titrations.

5. (a) Write principle and working of fluorimeter and give its applications.

(b) write essential parts and working of flame photometer and its applications.

6. Give principle and uses of Nephlometer and How it is differ from turbidimetry

and explain method of determination of chloride and sulphate ions.

7. (a) Define refractive index, and give principle of Abbe refractometer.

(b) Give the working principle and Construction of polarimeter.

8. (a) Define beer lambert’s law and derive an equation for the same

(b) Discuss about detectors used in U. V- Visible spectrophotometer.

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II B. Pharmacy II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2009 PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS – II

1.Explain the use of heat in various fields of engineering and sources of heat.

2. (a) What are the various types of Evaporators. Explain in detail.

(b) Describe the principle involved in Single Effect Evaporator.

3. Explain principles, construction, working, and advantages of fractional

distillation.

4.Suggest the suitable equipment which is used in the drying of thermolabile,

hygroscopic material with the help of neatly labeled diagram.

5. (a) Draw a neat labeled diagram of fluid energy mill.

(b) Write advantages and disadvantages of same.

6. (a) Define size separation and write various synonyms of same.

(b) Why size reduction alone does not give particles of same size.

7. Write the various problems that result during liquid-liquid mixing. Suggest the

suitable remedies.

8.Explain the construction and working of float actuated device to measure the

flow level. 

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